系統環境:

系統環境先放在前面,是為了後面說明概念時,可以加以標示註解,以便更加瞭解 RMAN 的各個環節。

1. Oracle DB 11g  on Windows:記錄 RMAN 所有備份的記錄,在 RMAN 稱為 RMAN Repository (RMAN 恢復目錄資料庫)。

ORACLE_SID:RMANDB
執行記錄 recovery catalog 的帳號/密碼:RMAN_USER/RMAN_PWD

2. Taget Database (要備份的目標資料庫):

Oracle DB 12c on Linux:正式資料庫,日常的交易要作備份。

ORACLE_SID:orcl
執行備份的帳號/密碼:sys/oracle

 

3. 兩者的 tnsnames.ora 均要有雙方連線的資訊:

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb12clinux.domain)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

RMANDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rmandb.domain)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = rmandb.domain)
    )
  )


 

RMAN 概念:

Oracle Database 的備份,一般建議是利用 RMAN 來作業,一來可以由系統自行管理,二來也可以省掉自已下一堆的指令。在建立 RMAN 的機制前,下面幾個概念要有:

1. Target Database:(目標資料庫):本實例為 ORACLE_SID:orcl

就是需要RMAN對其進行備份與恢復的資料庫,RMAN 可以備份資料檔案,控制檔,歸檔日誌,spfile.(注意:RMAN不能用於備份連線日誌、初始化參數檔:pfile 和命令檔)

2. recovery catalog(恢復目錄)

用來保存備份與恢復資訊的一個資料庫,不建議建在目標資料庫上。RMAN 利用恢復目錄記載的資訊去判斷如何執行需要的備份恢復操作。

如果不採用恢復目錄(nocatalog),備份資訊可以存在於目標資料庫的 control file 中。如果存放在目標資料庫的 control file 中,控制項檔會不斷增長,不能保存 RMAN 的Script. CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME (default=7):控制項檔中 RMAN 資訊保存的最短時間。

使用恢復目錄(catalog)的優勢: 可以存儲腳本,並記載較長時間的備份恢復操作。


3. RMAN Repository(RMAN 恢復目錄資料庫): 本實例為 ORACLE_SID:rmandb

存放 recovery catalog(恢復目錄)的資料庫。建議為 recovery catalog(恢復目錄)資料庫創建一個單獨的資料庫。

 

設置 RMAN ( Configuration RMAN )實作:

Step 01: 在資料庫 ORACLE_SID:orcl 建立 RMAN 所需的環境

1.) 連上資料庫:rmandb

C:\>sqlplus /nolog

SQL> connect / as sysdba

 

2.) 建立 tablespace:RMAN_TS

CREATE TABLESPACE RMAN_TS
    DATAFILE 'C:\oradb11g\oradata\rmandb\RMAN_DATA.DBF' SIZE 100M
 AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE
    LOGGING
    ONLINE
    SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;

 

3.) 建立執行記錄 recovery catalog 的帳號:RMAN_USER,並給 CONNECT,RESOURCE,RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER 這三個權限

CREATE USER RMAN_USER IDENTIFIED BY RMAN_PWD
DEFAULT TABLESPACE RMAN_TS
    TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
    ACCOUNT UNLOCK ;
    
GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE,RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER TO RMAN_USER;

註:Oracle Database 11g 以後,帳號/密碼 有分大小寫,(To Enable/ Disable set SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON to TRUE/ FALSE ,預設:TRUE ) 若要關閉需用指令 alter system set sec_case_sensitive_logon=false scope=both;

4.) 利用帳號:RMAN_USER 來建立 recovery catalog(恢復目錄)

C:\>rman catalog RMAN_USER/RMAN_PWD@rmandb

RMAN> create catalog;

recovery catalog created

 

Step 02: 連到目標資料庫  Connect to the target database

1.a ) 若是在 ORACLE_SID:rmandb 資料庫主機上作業

C:\>rman catalog RMAN_USER/RMAN_PWD@rmandb

RMAN> connect target sys/oracle@orcl

己連線到目標資料庫: ORCL (DBID=1357434876)

 

1.b ) 若是在 ORACLE_SID: orcl (目標資料庫)資料庫主機上作業

[oracle@oradb12clinux ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcl
[oracle@oradb12clinux ~]$ rman catalog RMAN_USER/RMAN_PWD@rmandb

RMAN> connect target;
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1357434876)

 

Step 03: 註冊目標資料庫 Register the database

RMAN> register database;

database registered in recovery catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

 

Step04: 驗證是否有註冊成功

RMAN> list incarnation of database;

List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key   DB Name   DB ID                STATUS      Reset SCN   Reset Time
-------    -------      --------      ----------------      ------------  --------------  ----------
1           2            ORCL        1357434876       CURRENT  1720082     24-OCT-13

PS: 也可以用SQL:select * from rc_database;

 

RMAN 備份實作:

0.) 先將 ORACLE_SID: orcl 改為 archive log mode

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

#查看現在資料庫的備份狀況
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           No Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Disabled
Archive destination           USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     30
Current log sequence           32

#查看 archive log 預設備份的目錄
SQL> show parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

NAME                                       TYPE           VALUE
------------------------------------ -----------     ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest            string           /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size    big integer  4800M

#為了方便觀察, 改變備份目錄, 並關閉資料庫

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/arclog' scope=both;
SQL> shutdown immediate;

# 設定資料庫的模式為 archive log mode
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination           USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     30
Next log sequence to archive   32
Current log sequence           32

#強制產生 archive log file
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.

#到 OS 去查看是否有 archive log file 產生
$ pwd
/u01/arclog/ORCL/archivelog/2013_11_07
$ ls -l
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 25397248 Nov  7 13:44 o1_mf_1_32_97pb5qnt_.arc

註: log_archive_format 的參數設定請參考: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14237/initparams103.htm

1.) 建立一個全備份的 script (Script 會存在RC_STORED_SCRIPT及RC_STORED_SCRIPT_LINE的table中): fullbackup


$ rman catalog RMAN_USER/RMAN_PWD@rmandb
RMAN> connect target;
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1357434876)

# 先將之前的 script 刪除 (若有的話)
RMAN> delete script fullbackup;
deleted script: fullbackup

# 建立一個資料庫全備份的 script (含control file & spfile)
RMAN> create script fullbackup {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup
incremental level 0
format '/u01/backdb/%d_%s_%p'
filesperset 5
(database include current controlfile);
sql 'alter system archive log current';
release channel d1;}

 

2.) 查看 RMAN 的備份 script

RMAN> connect target;
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1357434876)

RMAN> print script fullbackup;

$ sqlplus RMAN_USER/RMAN_PWD@rmandb


SQL> select * from RC_STORED_SCRIPT;
SQL> SQL> select * from RC_STORED_SCRIPT_LINE;

 

 3.) 執行備份 script

RMAN>  run {execute script fullbackup;}

executing script: fullbackup

allocated channel: d1
channel d1: SID=416 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 07-NOV-13
channel d1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 07-NOV-13
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 07-NOV-13
piece handle=/u01/backdb/ORCL_7_1 tag=TAG20131107T145348 comment=NONE => 此為RMAN備份的檔名:/u01/backdb/ORCL_7_1
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel d1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/SAMPLE_SCHEMA_users01.dbf
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 07-NOV-13
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 07-NOV-13
piece handle=/u01/backdb/ORCL_8_1 tag=TAG20131107T145348 comment=NONE => 此為RMAN備份的檔名:/u01/backdb/ORCL_8_1
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel d1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/system01.dbf
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 07-NOV-13
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 07-NOV-13
piece handle=/u01/backdb/ORCL_9_1 tag=TAG20131107T145348 comment=NONE => 此為RMAN備份的檔名:/u01/backdb/ORCL_9_1
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel d1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 07-NOV-13
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 07-NOV-13
piece handle=/u01/backdb/ORCL_10_1 tag=TAG20131107T145348 comment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 07-NOV-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-NOV-13
piece handle=/u01/arclog/ORCL/autobackup/2013_11_07/o1_mf_s_830876136_97pgc919_.bkp comment=NONE
=> 此為RMAN 備份 Control File and SPFILE file :/u01/arclog/ORCL/autobackup/2013_11_07/o1_mf_s_830876136_97pgc919_.bkp
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-NOV-13

sql statement: alter system archive log current

released channel: d1

 

基本上 Oracle Database 資料庫在 RMAN 的備份,ORACLE_SID: orcl (目標資料庫)應該是處於 Archive log mode 才可以線上備份。以上是 Oracle RMAN 的基本概念與資料庫全備份實作

 

附註:

若您是使用 Oracle XE 版本的資料庫,應該會出現下列的訊息,代表資料庫 ORACLE_SID:xe 是11g,但目標資料庫 ORACLE_SID:orcl 是 12c ,package RMAN_XE.DBMS_RCVCAT 不相容。所以不能用 oracle XE 版本的資料庫來作。

在資料庫 ORACLE_SID:xe 是11g 看到的訊息:

database registered in recovery catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03008: error while performing automatic resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-20036: invalid record order

 

在資料庫 ORACLE_SID:orcl 是 12c 看到的訊息:

PL/SQL package RMAN_XE.DBMS_RCVCAT version 11.02.00.02 in RCVCAT database is too old
PL/SQL package RMAN_XE.DBMS_RCVCAT version 11.02.00.02 in RCVCAT database is too old
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of list command at 11/01/2013 14:38:44
RMAN-06429: RCVCAT database is not compatible with this version of RMAN

 

就算用指令UPGRADE CATALOG; 來升級 catalog,雖然會成功,也不能使用

RMAN> UPGRADE CATALOG;

recovery catalog owner is RMAN_XE
enter UPGRADE CATALOG command again to confirm catalog upgrade

RMAN> UPGRADE CATALOG;

recovery catalog upgraded to version 11.02.00.02
DBMS_RCVMAN package upgraded to version 11.02.00.02
DBMS_RCVCAT package upgraded to version 11.02.00.02

 

 

 

參考:

http://fecbob.pixnet.net/blog/post/38195291-oracle-rman%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5

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